The surface drainage includes the removal of all water that is present on the pavement surface and nearby area or from other surfaces through which the water can flow elsewhere but has no relation with underneath layers and the permeable base. Types of pavement drainage Surface drainage
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The material specifications have to be checked so that all the permeability, strength, load distribution, and construction stability requirements are met. Thus, the drainage criterion needs to be selected cautiously. The main source of water in pavements is usually rain and it may enter the pavement structure through many ways like infiltration, cracks, penetration from shoulders and ditches, higher groundwater level and so on, the water can also be moved by certain energy gradients, like capillary forces, shear pressure differences, and so on which, in turn, seeps into the sub-grade.īy a combination of various equations and principles, the criteria that are selected have an ample amount of influence over the equations used.
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With the previous information, the designer is capable of predicting the free water amount that enters the pavement structure, predicting surface free water runoff and establishing the moisture content of the design sub-grade. The pavement designers are required to understand and examine the conditions under which the pavement structure has to function for appropriate pavement design. Pavement or highway geometrics, non-pavement subsurface drainage, surface drainage, climatic conditions, sub-base rainwater, and various soil properties, everything has a powerful impact on the drainage design. But as this concept came into existence, engineers recognized the absolute necessity of a proper drainage design of pavements that can resist harsh weather, traffic volumes, and hassle-free experience over long journeys.
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Romans were the first pioneers when it came to building structures, planning, and constructing long-lasting roads.